In short
The world average wheat yield was 3.6 tonnes per hectare in 2024 according to FAOSTAT, and among the countries tabled below national averages ran from 1.4 in Kazakhstan to 7.1 in Germany.
Planva keeps the yield of every field by season, so your own fields can be compared with these averages instead of guessed at.
Wheat yield by country
These are national averages from FAOSTAT in tonnes per hectare of harvested area. The last column gives the lowest and highest year from 2020 to 2024, which shows how far a country average moves with the season.
| Country | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Range 2020 to 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 1.4 |
| Uzbekistan | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 4.6 to 5.4 |
| Azerbaijan | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 to 3.3 |
| Georgia | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.2 to 2.9 |
| Armenia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.7 to 2.5 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.5 to 2.8 |
| Turkey | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 to 3.2 |
| Ukraine | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.8 to 4.6 |
| United States | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.0 to 3.4 |
| Canada | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.4 to 3.5 |
| Australia | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 to 3.2 |
| France | 7.0 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 6.0 to 7.2 |
| Germany | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.1 to 7.8 |
| World | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 to 3.7 |
FAOSTAT yield is production divided by area harvested. For Kazakhstan in 2024 that is 18.58 million tonnes over 13.07 million hectares, or 1.42 t/ha. The figures were read from the FAOSTAT crops release that runs to 2024, and FAO revises past years, so check the live database before you quote a number.
What a national average hides
- Mixed land. One number covers irrigated and rain-fed fields, winter and spring wheat, and good and poor soils. The table does not split them.
- Harvested hectares only. Yield is per harvested hectare, so ground that was sown but not harvested does not pull the average down.
- The swing matters more than the level. Kazakhstan moved between 0.9 and 1.4 t/ha and Kyrgyzstan between 1.5 and 2.8 inside five seasons. A plan built on one good year is a plan for a year that may not come back.
What moves yield on a farm
Extension services estimate wheat yield from three components: heads per unit of area, grains per head, and grain size. Texas A&M notes that grain size is not settled until after flowering and depends on moisture, disease and variety. So a field can look full before flowering and still disappoint at harvest.
Trials show how far a managed plot can sit above an average. A 2014 to 2016 sowing-date trial in Khorezm, Uzbekistan, reported 6.75 to 6.84 t/ha across three winter wheat cultivars. The national average for Uzbekistan in 2023 was 5.3. A trial plot is run more carefully than a whole farm, so treat the gap as a ceiling to learn from, not a target.
How to compare your own fields
- Divide harvest by harvested area. Total tonnes over hectares gives t/ha. To get centners per hectare, multiply by 10.
- Keep it per field and per season. A farm average hides the field that pulls it down.
- Compare with the same field first. Its own earlier seasons say more than a national table does.
- Use the table last. It tells you whether your level is plausible for your zone, nothing more.
The yield calculation guide shows how to get from a sample count to a hectare figure, and barley yield gives the same view for the other main small grain.
How this works in Planva
- Crop rotation by season. Each season holds crop, variety, sowing and harvest dates, yield and total harvest for the field.
- Rotation map. It has a crop filter and prints to PDF or JPEG with an area summary.
- Plan and actual. Agroplans keep seed, fertiliser and crop protection by rate or quantity, planned and applied.
- What it does not do. Planva records yields. It does not set targets or recommend rates.
Sources
- FAOSTAT, Crops and livestock products, wheat yield, area harvested and production, 2020 to 2024
- Texas A&M AgriLife, Estimating wheat yield potential
- Alberta Agriculture, Calculator for estimating crop yield
- Gandjaeva, Effect of sowing date on yield of winter wheat cultivars in Khorezm region, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2019
Common questions
FAOSTAT puts the world average at 3.6 t/ha for 2024. Among the countries tabled, national averages ran from 1.4 t/ha in Kazakhstan to 7.1 t/ha in Germany, and Uzbekistan reached 5.4.
The real Planva interface, shown with test data.
